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There are several main types of scoliosis, and we know that scoliosis ranges widely in severity from mild to very severe. The main type of scoliosis is idiopathic scoliosis, meaning the cause is unknown. This accounts for roughly 80% of all known cases. The remaining 20% are associated with known causes, including neuromuscular, degenerative, and congenital scoliosis.

Congenital scoliosis occurs when there’s a malformed bone in the spine that develops in utero. This malformed bone can be a malformation of one or many vertebral bodies, which are typically stacked in a rectangular shape like bricks. If a vertebral bone is shaped differently, such as a triangle, it causes a curvature because the rest are regular rectangles. This can happen if one bone fails to form fully into a vertebra, called a hemivertebra, or if some bones fuse together, causing a different shape, called a blocked vertebra.

Babies born with congenital scoliosis often have other congenital anomalies, so a comprehensive assessment must be done to ensure no other systems have anomalies. Symptoms include a highly visible curve at a young age, asymmetrical shoulders, uneven hips, an unnatural rib arch or cage, muscle spasticity, malformed extremities, a short neck or torso, stiffness in movements, hearing impairment, bladder and kidney problems, and other bone and joint anomalies.

Diagnosis starts with a physical examination and family history to check for associated spinal conditions or other congenital anomalies. In most cases, an x-ray confirms the diagnosis by revealing abnormal vertebra shapes and the degree of scoliosis. MRIs or CT scans are sometimes used, especially if x-rays are insufficient, to assess the spinal nerve system, spinal cord, and nerves for any deformities. The spine typically forms between eight to twelve weeks of gestation, so doctors may detect anomalies during ultrasounds.

Treatment for congenital scoliosis is challenging due to the age of diagnosis and the severity of the bone deformity. Treatment options are based on age, scoliosis location, body type, severity, and symptoms. In mild cases, monitoring may be sufficient if the curve doesn’t progress significantly. However, congenital scoliosis tends to progress more significantly due to the bone deformity. The presentation of the curves can be atypical, with harsh and abrupt bends due to vertebral asymmetry.

Conservative treatment for scoliosis generally includes a multimodal approach with chiropractic care, passive and active physical therapy, corrective bracing, and home therapy and rehab. Severe cases of congenital scoliosis may require surgical intervention if the vertebral asymmetry is too severe to be corrected with conservative methods. At our center, we have successfully treated congenital scoliosis by modifying our approach based on the patient’s age and severity.

It’s crucial for parents and caregivers to understand that babies born with congenital scoliosis may have additional anomalies, so thorough assessment is essential.

You can learn more about this topic here:
https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter....

Ready for a consultation or want more information? You can contact us here:
https://www.scoliosisreductioncenter....

00:00 How is Congenital Scoliosis Diagnosed? Symptoms & Treatment
00:25 Idiopathic Scoliosis
00:42 Congenital Scoliosis
01:58 Symptoms of Congenital Scoliosis
03:13 Diagnosis of Congenital Scoliosis
04:48 Treatment Challenges
06:23 The Scoliosis Reduction Center Approach

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