In 1837, the reformed slaveholder Angelina Grimke became the first female touring orator in American history, traveling across New England to advocate the cause of abolitionism. In this episode of The Abolitionists, let's examine how Angelina and her sister Sarah shattered the 19th century cultural taboo of women speaking in public and kickstarted the nation's first women's rights movement.

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~REFERENCES~

[1] Joshua A. Lynn. Preserving the White Man’s Republic: Jacksonian Democracy, Race, and the Transformation of American Conservatism (2019). University of Virginia Press, Page 57-58

[2] Elizabeth Cady Standon, Susan B. Anthony & Matilda Jocelyn Gage. History of Woman Suffrage, Vol. I (1887 Edition). Published for the Editors, Page 33

[3] Mary Wollstonecraft. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). Project Gutenberg https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/...

[4] Kathryn Kish Sklar. Women’s Rights Emerges Within the Antislavery Movement, 1830-1870 (2019 Edition). Bedford / St. Martin’s Publishing, Page 2-33

[5] Theodore Dwight Weld. In Memory: Angelina Grimké (1880). George H. Ellis, Publisher, Page 10-12

[6] Sklar, Page 86-90

[7] Weld, Page 21

[8] Sklar, Page 103-117

[9] Sklar, 126-137

[10] Weld, Page 16

[11] Hacker JD, Roberts E. Fertility decline in the United States, 1850-1930: New Evidence from Complete-Count Datasets. Ann Demogr Hist (Paris). 2019 Jun;138(2):143-177. doi: 10.3917/adh.138.0143. PMID: 35795871; PMCID: PMC9255892.