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1. The surface water percolates well when the rocks are permeable, thinly bedded and highly jointed and cracked.
2. After vertically going down to some depth, the water under the ground flows horizontally through the bedding planes, joints or through the materials themselves. It is this downward and horizontal movement of water which causes the rocks to erode.

3. in rocks like limestones or dolomites rich in calcium carbonate, the surface water as well as groundwater through the chemical process of solution and precipitation deposition develop varieties of landforms.
4. In its pure state, limestone is made up of calcium carbonate, but where magnesium is also present, it is termed as dolomite.
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