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Viral populations do not grow through cell division, because they are acellular. Instead, they use the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce multiple copies of themselves, and they assemble in the cell. The life cycle of viruses differs greatly between species but there are six basic stages in the life cycle of viruses: attachment, penetration (viral entry), uncoating, replication, and lysis. Some viruses undergo a lysogenic cycle where the viral genome is incorporated by genetic recombination into a specific place in the host’s chromosome.

Viral replication is the term used indicate the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first penetrate and enter the cell before viral replication can occur. From the perspective of the virus, the purpose of viral replication is to allow reproduction and survival of its kind. By generating abundant copies of its genome and packaging these copies into viruses, the virus is able to continue infecting new hosts.

Replication between viruses is varied and depends on the type of genes involved. Most DNA viruses assemble in the nucleus; most RNA viruses develop solely in cytoplasm. Viral populations do not grow through cell division, because they are acellular. Instead, they hijack the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce multiple copies of themselves, and they assemble inside the cell.

The life cycle of viruses differs greatly between species but there are six common basic stages:-
1- Attachment is a specific binding between viral capsid proteins and specific receptors on the host cellular surface
2- Penetration follows attachment.
3- Uncoating is a process in which the viral capsid is removed
4-Replication of viruses depends on the multiplication of the genome
5- Following the structure-mediated self-assembly of the virus particles, some modification of the proteins often occurs.
6- iruses can be released from the host cell by lysis, a process that kills the cell by bursting its membrane and cell wall if present

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