The 6 Steps of Growing (and Harvest) Peanuts

Planting: From planting to harvesting, peanuts spend 4 to 5 months in the ground beginning as a single seed and maturing into a plant with often more than 50 peanuts. Seeds are planted in April or May when soil temperatures reach 65°t to 70°F.

Pollination: The peanut plant is unusual because it flowers above the ground, but fruits below the ground. The plant can sprout in just 10 days and flowers form about 40 days after planting and pollinate themselves. Flower petals fall off when the peanut ovary forms and penetrates the soil. The peanut plant has a fruiting period of about two months. All pods do not ripen evenly. The object is to harvest when the greatest number of pods are matured. An unrooted plant in the hands of Carl revealed a lot of other conditions to consider under those rows of gorgeous green. The presence of ants is seen as helpful to the plants, but army worms can be a major threat in large numbers.

Digging: Digging is an unusual part of the agriculture process, and nearly unique to peanuts. Digging means severing the tap root and laying each plant upside down to create windrows for the most-important drying process. This kicks off the harvesting process. Peanut producers become keen weather watchers in preparation for digging, awaiting the best conditions when soil is not too wet or too dry.

Drying: Peanuts contain 25 to 50 percent moisture when first dug and must be dried to 10 percent or less so they can be stored. They are usually left in windrows for two or three days to cure, or dry before being combined. During this time, hulls are also naturally bleached from sun exposure.

Picking: Once sufficiently dry, peanuts are “picked” with the use of a combine, placing the peanuts into a hopper on the top of the machine and depositing the vines back in the field.
Grading: A peanut’s next destination is a Peanut Buying Point where peanuts are sorted according to variety, uniformity of size or flavor by regulations set forth from the Agricultural Marketing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

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