Cosmography101 Class 34 part 1 with Randall Carlson, from January 7, 2009. Find ALL these classes listed in sequence on the playlist. Much more on the Younger-Dryas on Randall's new podcast: https://kosmographia.com /    / kosmographia  
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Younger-Dryas Impact event Evidence / Tunguska object and Taurid meteor stream / Carolina Bays research and oddities / Recent impacts into Indian Ocean, and south of Australia at 4300BP
Summary notes/topics:
Chicago Tribune article review, subtitled: “Scientists say Humans saw the last disaster”
“sudden ice age ensued” meaning the Younger Dryas
Two “spikes” of sudden warming; Started Age of Scorpio 13-15,000 years ago “Late Wisconsin”
Second warming was different – Why? Impacts into ocean instead of on land?
Anthropologist Douglas Kennett: have evidence that is the smoking bullet for cosmic impact
Black Mat studies by DePaul chemist Wendy Wolbach, also did studies on K-T soot layer
Amount of biomass burned; much warmer climate with much more CO2 and double plant life
Alan West, from article: millions animals disappear synchronously with diamond/carbon layer
List of 100 articles saying that we’re going into 6th great mass extinction – all repetitive of same
Extinction by humans? “look what they did to the woolly mammoths, just with sharpened sticks”
Humans were as much the victims along with the animals, and not the perpetrators
West on ingredients on Black Mat; Evidence gathered in last 30 years pointing to repeated disasters
BREAK
Imagine all out nuclear war in 1962 – 10,000 megaton Nuclear arsenal (energies graph in prior class)
What would have been environmental consequences? Severe, but pale in comparison to natural
Numerous impacts: New evidence every month… Celtic impact?
Nanodiamonds more evidence of a cosmic strike
Anthropologist Amick: “How could we have missed this?”
Response to common criticism “Where is the crater?” May have not impacted into the earth
Tunguska Object - asteroid or comet? Splitting hairs… Exploded 5 miles up in atmosphere
Lots of clues to say it was part of the Taurid Stream – timing and location, composition consistent
Identified in the stream, Comets Encke and Rudnicke likely part of broken up larger object
Criticisms of new theory based on assumptions, not hard facts, especially human hunters
Environmentalist viewpoints on species loss – use as support that we can being doing it now too
Object does not impact Earth, but exploded above surface; multiple fragmentations
Comet nucleus at 10 miles (like Halley) could fissure and create a million Tunguska objects 150’
Comet breakup creates Carolina Bays? West team tests at 15 Bays, find nanodiamonds at 10
RC and Jeremy hired pilot and flew over group near Valdosta 15 years ago
First ideas when seen from overhead was obviously from space
Controversy similar to what J Harlen Bretz endured; Getting to stage where ET source is accepted
Alternative theory for origin of Bays – Big Guns from Columbia et al. squashed the heresy
Complex formation proposed by Douglas Johnson: Artesian Solution Lucastrine Aeolian hypothesis
Librarian Bob Kobres at UGA was interviewed for RC documentary, but not used – too low key
BREAK
Audiotapes from conference at Warren Wilson College ‘95 @Asheville – RC quoting dates/details
Ed Albin, geochemist and astronomer at Fernbank, went to south Georgia for tektites search
Slaggy glass found at Bay site, tested for argon gas, showed must be formed at least 10kya
RC has collection of things he’s found, including jar of little iron spherules by the 1000s
Bays and mutations – became study for biologists and zoologists – unique species to the Bays
Venus Fly Traps protected – can’t recover any out in the wild
Size range from 100s of feet to largest Lake Waccamaw at 7 miles distance long axis
Back to article – more evidence recovered the closer they got to the Great Lakes
Wendy Wolbach quotes in article suggesting cosmic event
Probability models for death by impact – same as individual’s chance of dying in plane crash
Model’s parameters nonsense, because no evidence of single death, but 100 million could have
Not accounting for 18-mile Burckle Crater at 5200ya and off-shore south Australia at 4300ya
Collapse of Bronze Age civilization at that window; impact evidence from 4200 BP southern Iraq
END

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