Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by the shedding of dead skin cells, which can appear as white flakes in the hair and on the shoulders. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Dry Skin: The most common cause, leading to small, dry flakes.

Seborrheic Dermatitis: This condition causes oily, irritated skin and produces larger flakes.

Malassezia: A yeast-like fungus that lives on the scalp of most adults. Sometimes, it can grow out of control and cause more skin cells to grow and shed.

Not Shampooing Enough: This can lead to oil and skin cell buildup on the scalp.

Sensitivity to Hair Products: Certain ingredients in hair products can irritate the scalp, leading to dandruff.

Symptoms:

White flakes on the scalp, hair, and shoulders

Itchy scalp

Red and greasy patches on the scalp

Treatment:

Anti-Dandruff Shampoos: Shampoos containing zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, or salicylic acid can help control dandruff.

Regular Washing: Frequent shampooing can reduce oiliness and dead skin cell buildup.

Avoiding Irritating Products: Using gentle, non-irritating shampoos and hair products can prevent dandruff.

Managing Stress: Stress can aggravate dandruff, so stress management techniques might be beneficial.

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