Relativsätze (relative clauses) in German are used to provide additional information about a noun, and they usually begin with a relative pronoun such as "der," "die," "das," or "welcher." When the subject of the relative clause is the same as the noun it refers to, we can use the nominative case.

Example:

1. **Main Clause**: Der Mann ist freundlich. (The man is friendly.)
2. **Relative Clause**: Der Mann, der freundlich ist, hilft mir. (The man, who is friendly, helps me.)

In this example, "der" is the relative pronoun that refers back to "der Mann" and is in the nominative case because it acts as the subject of the relative clause.

Key Points:

**Relative Pronouns**: The choice of pronoun depends on the gender and number of the noun it refers to (der = masculine, die = feminine, das = neuter).
**Nominative Case**: Used when the noun or pronoun is the subject of the relative clause.

More Examples:

**Masculine**: Der Lehrer, der die Schüler unterrichtet, ist nett. (The teacher, who teaches the students, is nice.)
**Feminine**: Die Frau, die im Park joggt, ist fit. (The woman, who jogs in the park, is fit.)
**Neuter**: Das Kind, das spielt, ist glücklich. (The child, who is playing, is happy.)

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